| 摘要: |
| 提升海岛生境质量, 维持海岛物种多样性是当前生物保护的重点。 中华穿山甲 Manis pentadactyla 洞穴能增加生境资源异质性, 并被多物种共用, 促进区域物种丰富度与多样性恢复。 为探究中华穿山
甲洞穴在海岛生境的关键生态作用, 利用红外相机在广东省内伶仃与南澳海岛对洞穴进行持续监测, 记录
了洞穴利用物种、 数量、 时间及行为, 确定共栖物种群落组成, 并采用差异性检验与广义加性模型分析了
其洞穴利用模式。 结果表明, 共记录到 32 种动物, 其中 24 种动物对洞穴利用强度大于 0, 属于洞穴共栖
物种; 共栖兽类的洞穴利用强度显著高于鸟类 (P = 0. 038); 共栖物种的最大体质量正向显著影响其洞穴
利用强度 (P = 0. 013); 海岛生境中, 鸟类和兽类利用洞穴的月节律重叠系数高 ( >0. 8), 日节律重叠系
数低 (<0. 6), 鸟类主要在白天利用洞穴, 兽类则在夜间; 中华穿山甲洞穴是国家二级保护野生动物猕猴
Macaca mulatta 重要的休息点与交流场, 同时也是小灵猫 Viverricula indica、 豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis
等肉食动物的主要觅食场所。 因此, 加强以中华穿山甲为代表的穴居物种及其栖息地的保护, 有利于维持
岛屿生物群落的稳定性。 |
| 关键词: 穴居动物 生态系统工程师 洞穴共用 资源驱动 红外相机 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:广东省科技计划项目 (2024B1212050008)。 |
|
| Communities of Commensal Species and Their Typical Behavioral Characteristics in Chinese Pangolin Burrows in Island Habitats |
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Hou Fanghui1, Shen Junhan2, Hua Yan2, Huang Wanhe1, Zhang Yaqian2, Wen Ruicheng2, Huang Ming3, Sun Song2
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1.Wildlife Monitoring and Rescue Centre of Guangdong Province;2.Guangdong Provincial Academy of Forestry;3.Shenzhen Wanlin Landscape Construction Co., Ltd.
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| Abstract: |
| Enhancing the quality of island habitats and maintaining island species diversity are current priorities in biodiversity conservation. Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) burrows can increase habitat resource heterogeneity, are shared by multiple species, and facilitate the recovery of regional species richness and diversity. To investigate the key ecological role of Chinese pangolin burrows in island habitats, infrared cameras
were used to continuously monitor burrows on Neilingding Island and Nan""ao Island in Guangdong Province.
The study recorded the species, numbers, timing, and behaviors of animals utilizing the burrows, identified
the composition of commensal species communities, and analyzed burrow utilization patterns using difference
tests and generalized additive models. A total of 32 animal species were recorded, among which 24 species exhibited a burrow use intensity greater than 0 and were classified as burrow-commensal species. The intensity of
burrow use by commensal mammals was significantly higher than that by birds. The maximum body weight of
commensal species positively and significantly influenced their intensity of burrow use. The monthly rhythm overlap coefficient of island habitat birds and mammals using burrows was high (>0. 8), while the daily rhythm
overlap coefficient was low ( < 0. 6), with birds primarily utilizing burrows during the day and mammals at
night. Burrows created by Chinese pangolins provide diverse resources for commensal species in island habitats,
serving as critical resting and communication sites for the Macaca mulatta (a National Second-Class Protected
Wild Animal), as well as primary foraging grounds for carnivores such as the Viverricula indica and Prionailurus bengalensis. Therefore, strengthening the protection of burrowing species such as the Chinese pangolin is
conducive to maintaining the stability of island biological communities. |
| Key words: burrowing animals ecosystem engineers burrow co-utilization resource-driven infrared camera |
