| 摘要: |
| 森林群落物种多样性的海拔分布格局是生态学研究的热点。为探究水库库区森林群落物种多
样性的垂直分布规律，该文以广东新丰江库区海拔 170~1 031 m 的森林群落为研究对象，分析植物物种
组成和 α 多样性、β 多样性沿海拔梯度的变化规律。结果表明：（1）样地内共记录物种 82 科 151 属
235 种，其中裸子植物 3 科 3 属 3 种，被子植物 68 科 131 属 213 种，蕨类植物 11 科 17 属 19 种。（2）乔
木层的 Simpson 指数、Shannon-Wiener 指数、Margalef 指数和 Pielou 指数均随海拔升高呈现出下降的趋
势；灌木层除了 Margalef 指数随海拔上升而逐渐增加外，其他多样性指数呈现出高、低海拔较高，中海
拔低的 U 型变化趋势；草本层除 Pielou 指数先降低后升高外，其他 3 种指数在不同海拔间均无明显差异。
（3）除了 S?rensen 指数在样地Ⅰ ~ Ⅱ中为 0.46，3 种相异性指数在其他样地间均大于 0.5，表明群落间物
种组成差异较大。（4）S?rensen 指数和 Jaccard 指数的物种周转组分均在 95% 以上，表明在海拔梯度上各
植物群落物种组成差异由周转控制。综上认为，海拔上升引起的水热差异是影响植物多样性和物种组成
变化的重要因素。 |
| 关键词: 森林群落 海拔梯度 α 多样性 β 多样性 周转 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:广东省林业科技创新项目（2021KJCX003, 2022KYXM09）；国家林业和草原局林草科技创新平台运行补助项目（2022132250, 2022132249） |
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| Altitudinal Distribution Pattern of Species Diversity of Forest Communities in Xinfengjiang Reservoir Area |
|
Wu Guozhang1, Gan Xianhua2, Zhang Weiqiang2, Huang Fangfang2, Wang Ning1, Su Yuqiao2
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1.College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University;2.Guangdong Key Laboratory of Silviculture,Protection and Utilization/Guangdong Academy of Forestry
|
| Abstract: |
| The altitudinal distribution pattern of species diversity in forest communities is a hot topic in
ecological research. To explore the vertical distribution of species diversity of forest communities in the reservoir
area, the characteristics of species composition, α diversity, and β diversity were analyzed based on field
investigations in 5 natural forest plots from 170 to 1 031 m in Xinfengjiang reservoir area, Guangdong. The
results showed that: (1) A total of 235 species were recorded, belonging to 82 families and 151 genera. Among
them, 3 species of gymnosperms belonged to 3 families and 3 genera, 213 species of angiosperms belonged to 68 families and 131 genera, and 19 species of ferns belonged to 11 families and 17 genera. (2) The Simpson index,
Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef index, and Pielou index of the tree layer exhibited a monotonic decrease with
increasing altitude. While the Margalef index of the shrub layer increased, the other indexes showed a U-shaped
change trend. The herb layer""s indexes showed no signifi cant trend except for the Pielou index, which decreased
and then increased. (3) Except for the S?rensen index, which was 0.46 in plots I-II, the three β diversity indexes
were above 0.5, indicating a significant difference in species composition among the communities. (4) The
species turnover components of the S?rensen index and the Jaccard index were both above 95%, indicating that
the diff erences in species composition of various plant communities were controlled by turnover. These results
illustrate that the diff erence in water and heat caused by elevation has a signifi cant eff ect on plant diversity and
species composition. |
| Key words: forest community altitudinal gradient α diversity β diversity turnover |
