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不同覆盖处理对腾冲红花油茶嫁接苗培育的影响
李丽华1, 余祖华2, 任华东3, 谢胤2, 段生财2, 李看清2, 王自洪2
1.国家油茶科学中心腾冲红花油茶实验站，腾冲市林业和草原技术推广站;2.国家油茶科学中心腾冲红花油茶实验站及腾冲市林业和草原技术推广站;3.中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所
摘要:
为了探索容器基质表面不同材料覆盖对苗木嫁接成活与生长的影响，试验采用生土、山沙、锯末覆盖及不覆盖（对照）4 种处理刚嫁接的腾冲红花油茶 Camellia reticulata 苗营养袋口，分析不同处理对苗木嫁接成活率、高、径生长的差异。结果表明：山沙、锯末和生土 3 种处理的腾冲红花油茶嫁接成活率分别为 67.97%、62.70% 和 44.43%，与对照 32.70% 比较差异极显著（P<0.01），其中以山沙和锯末处理的效果较好，二者与生土处理比较差异极显著（P<0.01）；3 种覆盖处理的苗年高生长分别达到 30.63 cm、31.67 cm 和 23.87 cm，山沙和锯末处理的苗高年生长极显著高于对照 20.97 cm 与生土处理23.87 cm，生土处理与对照比较差异不显著（P>0.05）；3 种覆盖处理对腾冲红花油茶嫁接苗的粗生长没有明显的促进作用，山沙、锯末和生土处理 1a 生嫁接苗地径分别为 3.8 mm、3.5 mm 和 3.6 mm，与对照 3.5 mm 差异不显著（P>0.05）。结果表明，采用山沙、锯末和生土处理对腾冲红花油茶嫁接苗容器表面进行覆盖能有效提高腾冲红花油茶嫁接成活率、促进苗高生长，同时还能抑制杂草生长，降低管理成本。覆盖材料以山沙和锯末较佳。
关键词:  腾冲红花油茶  容器育苗  覆盖材料
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基金项目:国家科技基础资源调查专项课题（2019FY100801）
Effect of Covering Measures on Grafting Effect of Camellia reticulata
LI Lihua1,2, YU Zuhua1,2, REN Huadong3, XIE Yin1,2, DUAN Shengcai1,2, LI Kanqing1,2, WAN Zihong1,2
1..Experimental Station of Camellia reticulata， National Center for Oil-tea Camellia Science，Tengchong Yunnan 679100，P. RChina;2.Tengchong Forestry Technology Extension Station，Tengchong Yunnan 679100，P. R. China);3.Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Fuyang Zhejiang 311400，P. R. China
Abstract:
In order to explore the effects of different material covering on the container substrate on the survival and growth of seedlings, and to provide an important reference for container seedling cultivation of Camellia reticulata. In this experiment, the survival rate, height, and diameter of grafted C. reticulata seedlings were studied by using four treatments of soil, sand and sawdust covering and not covering. The results showed that the survival rates of grafted C.reticulata with sand, sawdust and soil were 67.97%, 62.70% and 44.43%, respectively, which were significantly different from the control(P<0.01), the effect of sand and sawdust treatment was better than that of soil treatment(P<0.01), and the height growth of seedlings of three mulching treatments reached 30.63 cm, 31.67 cm and 23.87 cm, respectively, the seedling height of sand and sawdust treatment was significantly higher than that of control (20.97 cm) and soil treatment (23.87 cm), but there was no significant difference between soil treatment and control (P>0.05). The three mulching treatments had no significant effect on the coarse growth of grafted C. reticulata seedlings. The ground diameter of the grafted seedlings was 3.8 mm, 3.5 mm and 3.6 mm, respectively, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The results showed that covering the surface of grafted C.reticulata container with sand, sawdust and soil could effectively improve the survival rate of grafted C.reticulata seedlings, promote seedling height growth, and inhibit weed growth, and increase the survival rate of grafted C. reticulata seedlings. The results showed that covering the surface of grafted C. reticulata seedlings container with sand, sawdust and soil could effectively improve the survival rate of grafted C.reticulata seedlings, promote seedling height growth, and inhibit weed growth, reduce management costs. Sand and sawdust are the best covering materials.
Key words:  Camellia reticulata  container seeding  covering materials