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台风“天鸽”对湿加松无性系种子园的影响*
林昌明1, 车晓亮2, 李福明1, 黄婷1, 司徒文斗1, 李义良3, 郭文冰3
1.广东省台山红岭种子园;2.华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院;3.广东省林业科学研究院
摘要:
2017年第13号台风“天鸽”正面袭击台山，给台山红岭种子园内的湿加松(Pinus ellittii × P. caribaea)无性系种子园造成巨大损失，一半的球果和三分之一的单株遭到严重破坏。经过调查发现，单株的受害类型可以分为两类，一种类型主要表现为枝干受损，其中主干破裂占受害株的55%，侧枝受损占36.4%，而主干破裂的类型以基部破裂为主；另一种类型表现为根系受损，只占8.7%，包括倾斜、倒伏和连根拔起。不同湿加松无性系的受灾情况存在明显差异，参与分析的53个无性系中，8个无性系（EHA10-1，EHA11-1，G3-1，G3-3，G5-1，G7-1，S95-20-1 和 S95-20-3）没有遭受风害， 7个无性系（G11-4，G3-4，A05H06-1，B16H02-1，G1-1，G5-4，S95-54-1）受灾率超过80%，说明湿加松的抗风性在基因型间存在差异。跟踪调查2016-2019年湿加松种子园的种子品质，发现台风当年（2017年）的出种率和千粒重不受影响，但发芽率明显降低；台风次年出种率下降，但千粒重和发芽率不变。说明台风影响了球果的发育，但仍可对球果进行采摘利用。
关键词:  台风  湿加松  种子园  风害
DOI：
分类号:
基金项目:广东省科技计划项目（2017B020205003）
Damage Assessment of Hybrid Pine Seed Orchards after Typhoon Hato
LIN Changming1, CHE Xiaoliang2, LI Fuming1, HUANG Ting1, SITU Wendou1, LI Yiliang3, GUO Wenbing3
1.Taishan Hongling Seed Orchard;2.College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University;3.Guangdong Academy of Forestry
Abstract:
Taishan was attacked by the 13th typhoon Hato during 2017, causing serious damage and loss to Pinus ellittii × P. caribaea of Taishan Hongling Seed Orchard. Half of the cones and one-third of the individual plants were severely damaged. According to the fifield survey, it was found that the damage of individuals can be divided into two types. One is damage of stem and branch, among which stem breakage accounted for 55%, and branch destroyed accounted for 36.4%, while the main stem rupture was mainly caused by the base break. The other type showed damage to the root system, only accounted for 8.7%, including leaning falling, and uprooted. There were signifificant difference among genotypes on wind damage, among which 8 clones (EHA10-1, EHA11- 1, G3-1, G3-3, G5-1, G7-1, S95-20-1 and S95-20-3) did not suffer from wind damage, while the disaster rate of 7 clones (G11-4, G3-4, A05H06-1, B16H02-1, G1-1, G5-4, S95-24-1) exceeded 80%, indicating that there were differences in wind resistance among genotypes. After tracking the seed quality of the seed orchard from 2016 to 2019, the research found that the seed rate and 1 000-grains weight were not affected in 2017, but the germination rate was signifificantly reduced. The seed rate was decreased in 2018, but the 1000-grains weight and germination rate remained unchanged. Although the development of the cones were inflfluenced by typhoon, the cones could also be collected and used.
Key words:  Typhoon  Pinus ellittii × P. caribaea  seed orchard  wind damage