| 摘要: |
| 热带林的保护问题已受到世界各国的高度重视，由于占世界热带林面积约三分之一的热带次生林，经济和生态效益，通常较差处于相对被忽视的状态。热带次生林的，因此也往往被进一步破坏。将次生林经营纳入可持续经营的轨道，是实现热带林可持续经营目标的重要战略。通过对中国热带森林研究、经营和统计资料的分析，结合本项目实施过程的实地调研取得的结果，本文对中国热带地区次生林分布、面积和类型作了阐述。热带森林主要分布在海南、广东、广西、云南、台湾，以及福建和西藏的部分地区，包括124个县市的全部和50个县市的部分地区。据可认可的资料统计，中国热带林地面积（不含台湾省）约1125.66万hm2。其中有林地面积1074.49万hm2，次生林面积544万hm2。次生林占热带地区林地面积的48.33%，占有林地总面积的50.63%。中国热带林地和次生林的实际数字估计要比这一数值大6%以上，因为中国这几年高度重视林业建设，森林植被特别是热带森林植被恢复得很快，林地和次生林一直在不断增加。热带森林类型主要有：热带雨林（包括湿润雨林、山地雨林）；热带季雨林（包括半常绿季雨林、落叶季雨林、石灰岩季雨林）；南海珊瑚岛植被；海岸红树林等。从森林经理的角度，中国热带次生林的类型可分为：①次生阔叶林，包括次生常绿阔叶雨林、次生季雨林和次生季风常绿阔叶林；②次生灌木林；③次生针叶林；④次生红树林及次生珊瑚岛林等四大类型。 |
| 关键词: 热带森林 次生林 森林面积 森林类型 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国际热带木材组织项目 PD 294/04 |
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| Studies on the Distribution, Types and Area of the Tropical Secondary Forests in China |
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Wang Hongfeng
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| Abstract: |
| This paper expounded the distribution, types and area of the tropical secondary forests in China through analyzing the management and statistics materials of China’s tropical forests and field investigation results during the project implementation. The China’s tropical forests mainly distributes in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Taiwan and some parts of Fujian and Tibet, including 124 counties or cities and part areas of 50 counties or cities. According to the authorized statistics, the tropical woodland area of China (except for Taiwan) is 11.2566 millions hm2, among which 10.7449 millions hm2 are woodland and the area of secondary forests is 5.44 millions, accounting for 48.33% of the area of China's tropical forests and 50.63% of the area of woodland in China. The actual areas of China’s tropical woodland and secondary forests are 6% higher than these estimated, because the forest vegetation especially tropical forest vegetation was recovered quickly in recent years, since the Chinese government laid emphasis on forestry construction. The major types of China tropical forests are: tropical rain forest (including humid rain forest and mountain rain forest); tropical seasonal rain forest (including half-evergreen seasonal rain forest, deciduous seasonal rain forest, limestone seasonal rain forest); south sea coral island vegetation; coast mangrove. From the view of forest management, the China’s tropical secondary forests can be divided four types: (1) secondary broadleaved forests, including secondary evergreen broadleaved rain forest, secondary seasonal rain forest and secondary monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest; (2) shrub-wood; (3) secondary coniferous forests; (4) secondary mangrove and coral vegetation. |
| Key words: Tropical Forests Secondary Forests Forest Area Forest Types |
