| 摘要: |
| 为系统探究棕榈壳生物炭对绿化植物杜鹃花 (学名杜鹃, Rhododendron simsii) 的促生效应及
其对赤红土壤的改良效果, 采用温室盆栽试验, 棕榈壳生物炭添加比例为 (质量比) 0%、 0. 2%、 1%,
自然老化 30 d 后移栽杜鹃花, 选择 2 a 生杜鹃花, 初始株高为 29. 77±0. 82 cm, 培养周期为 90 d。 结果表
明, (1) 生物炭处理提高了土壤 pH 值和电导率, 并显著提高了土壤有效磷和速效钾含量 (P<0. 05), 增
幅分别为 12. 74% ~40. 76%和 23. 22% ~484. 87%, 同时显著降低了铵态氮 (下降 15. 02% ~ 56. 17%) 和硝
态氮 (下降 35. 40% ~83. 28%) 含量。 此外, 0. 2%和 1%添加量分别使土壤溶解性有机碳和有机质含量显
著提高了 63. 66%和 73. 43%; (2) 生物炭处理使土壤脲酶活性提高了 1. 11% ~ 13. 40%, 0. 2%和 1%添加
量分别使中性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶活性显著降低了 15. 13%和 37. 49%, 淀粉酶活性则保持相对稳定; (3)
生物炭处理显著提高了根系的总根长、 总投影面积、 总表面积、 总体积、 总根尖数和平均直径, 且 0. 2%
添加量对根系生长的促进作用优于 1%添加量。 生物炭处理显著提高了根系全磷和全钾含量, 增幅分别为
21. 23% ~32. 69%和 5. 56% ~35. 08%; 0. 2%添加量还显著提高了叶片全钾含量 (增幅为 11. 59%)。 此外,
0. 2%添加量下叶片总投影面积、 地上部分和地下部分质量较对照组分别显著提高了 50. 95%、 28. 94%和
28. 05%, 1%添加量地下部分质量也显著提高了 18. 94%; (4) 主成分分析表明, 土壤理化性质的改善与
杜鹃花生长指标存在显著正相关 (P<0. 05)。 生物炭通过优化土壤微环境, 调控碳氮磷循环及相关酶活
性, 提高了杜鹃花的光合作用效率, 促进其对养分的吸收和累积。 |
| 关键词: 棕榈壳生物炭 赤红壤 酶活性 杜鹃花 生长特性 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:广州市林业和园林局部门预算项目 (穗财编 [2025] 2 号和 202307130200), 广州市科技计划项目 (202206010058)。 |
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| The Influence of Palm Shell Biochar on the Growth of Rhododendron simsii and the Properties of Cultivation Lateritic Red Soil |
|
HUANG Yingmei, Luo Qian, ZHANG Juntao
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|
Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture
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| Abstract: |
| To systematically investigate the growth-promoting effect of palm shell biochar on the greening
plant Rhododendron simsii and its improvement effect on lateritic red soil, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with palm shell biochar applied at mass ratios of 0%, 0. 2% and 1%. After 30 days of natural aging,
two-year-old R. simsii plants with an initial height of (29. 77±0. 82) cm were transplanted into the plots, fol-lowed a 90-day cultivation period. The results indicated that: (1) Biochar treatment increased soil pH and electrical conductivity, and significantly increased the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium
(P<0. 05), with increases ranges of 12. 74%-40. 76% and 23. 22%-484. 87%, respectively. Meanwhile, it
significantly decreased the contents of ammonium nitrogen ( by 15. 02% - 56. 17%) and nitrate nitrogen ( by
35. 40%-83. 28%). Additionally, the 0. 2% and 1% addition rates significantly increased soil dissolved organic
carbon and organic matter content by 63. 66% and 73. 43%, respectively. (2) Biochar treatment increased soil
urease activity by 1. 11%-13. 40%. The 0. 2% and 1% addition rates significantly decreased neutral phosphatase
and nitrate reductase activities by 15. 13% and 37. 49%, respectively, while amylase activity remained relatively
stable. (3) Biochar treatment significantly increased the total root length, total projected area, total surface area, total volume, total root tips number, and average diameter of the root system, and the promoting effect of
0. 2% addition rate on root growth was superior to that of 1% addition rate. Biochar treatment significantly increased the total phosphorus and total potassium contents in the roots, with increases of 21. 23% -32. 69% and
5. 56%-35. 08%, respectively; the 0. 2% addition rate also significantly increased the total potassium content of
the leaves ( by 11. 59%). In addition, under the 0. 2% addition rate, the total projected leaf area, above -
ground biomass, and underground biomass were significantly increased by 50. 95%, 28. 94%, and 28. 05%,
respectively, compared to the control group, while the underground biomass was also significantly increased by
18. 94% under the 1% addition rate. (4) Principal component analysis showed that the improvement of soil
physicochemical properties was significantly positively correlated with the growth indicators of R. simsii ( P <
0. 05). Biochar improved the soil microenvironment, regulated the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles
and related enzyme activities, enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency of R. simsii, and promoted its nutrient absorption and accumulation. |
| Key words: Palm shell biochar Lateritic red soil Enzyme activity Rhododendron simsii Growth characteristic |
