| 摘要: |
| 为在云南热区推广种植红木类树种, 2017 年选取奥氏黄檀 Dalbergia oliveri、 大果紫檀 Pterocarpus macrocarpus、 刀状黑黄檀 Dalbergia cultrata、 降香黄檀 D. odorifera、 交趾黄檀 D. cochinchinensis、
囊状紫檀 Pterocarpus marsupium、 乌木 Diospyros ebenum、 印度紫檀 P. indicus 共 8 个红木类树种, 在德宏
芒市开展适应性种植试验。 通过查阅文献与实地观测, 比较引种地与原产地的适生条件及开花物候, 并
于 2024 年调查 8 个树种的保存率及生长状况, 分析其在德宏的适应性, 同时探讨树高、 胸径与冠幅之间
的相关性。 结果表明, 8 个树种对当地的立地条件适应性较强, 保存率均超过 80%, 最高达到 93. 33%;
除奥氏黄檀和囊状紫檀外, 其余 6 个树种在德宏均已开花结实, 其中乌木、 大果紫檀的始花年龄及交趾黄
檀的花期较原产地略有提前; 印度紫檀的树高、 胸径、 材积、 冠幅均为最大, 9 a 生分别为 10. 95 m、
19. 84 cm、 0. 212 m
3
、 5. 61 m, 而奥氏黄檀的各项指标均为最小, 分别为 5. 51 m、 6. 94 cm、 0. 014 m
3
、
2. 32 m; 除大果紫檀、 降香黄檀、 乌木、 囊状紫檀的树高及大果紫檀的胸径与冠幅相关性不显著外, 其
余树种的树高、 胸径、 冠幅间均呈显著正相关 (P<0. 05)。 综合来看, 8 个树种在德宏地区适应性表现存
在差异, 印度紫檀、 降香黄檀生长速度快、 保存率高且适应性尤为突出, 在云南德宏地区可作为引种栽
培和推广种植的首选树种。 |
| 关键词: 红木类树种 引种 栽培 适应性 |
| DOI：10. 20221 / j. cnki. 2096-2053. 202504013 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:云南省科技人才与平台计划 (202305AF150095), 云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目 (2022J1636)。 |
|
| Adaptability of Eight Rosewood Species Introduced in Dehong, Yunnan Province |
|
caiwenliang1, LU Jing2, YANG Jiangrong2, DANG Lingjing2, XU Zhangfei1, FENG Yanhuang1, DAO Baohui1, YU Guixiang1
|
|
1.Dehong Research Institute of Forestry;2.Dehong Vocational College
|
| Abstract: |
| To promote the cultivation of rosewood species in the hot regions of Yunnan, an adaptability
planting trial was conducted in Mangshi, Dehong in 2017, involving 8 rosewood species, namely Dalbergia oliveri, Pterocarpus macrocarpus, D. cultrata, D. odorifera, D. cochinchinensis, P. marsupium, Diospyros
ebenum and P. indicus. By reviewing relevant literature and conducting field observations, the suitable growth conditions and flowering phenology between the introduction site and the original habitat were compared. In
2024, the survival rate and growth performance of the 8 species were surveyed to analyze their adaptability in
Dehong. Correlations among tree height, diameter at breast height ( DBH) and crown width were also explored. The results showed that all 8 species had strong adaptability to the local site conditions, with survival
rates exceeding 80% and reaching a maximum of 93. 33%. Except for D. oliveri and P. marsupium, the other 6
species had flowered and set fruit in Dehong. Among them, the initial flowering age of D. ebenum and
P. macrocarpus and the flowering period of D. cochinchinensis were slightly earlier than in their original habitats. P. indicus had the largest tree height, DBH, volume and crown width, reaching 10. 95 m, 19. 84 cm,
0. 212 m
3
and 5. 61 m respectively at 9 years of age, while Dalbergia oliveri had the smallest values, which
were 5. 51 m, 6. 94 cm, 0. 014 m
3
and 2. 32 m respectively. Except for the insignificant correlation between
tree height and crown width in P. macrocarpus, D. odorifera, D. ebenum and P. marsupium, and the insignificant correlation between DBH and crown width in P. macrocarpus, there was a significant positive correlation
between tree height, DBH and crown width in the other species (P<0. 05). Overall, there were variations in
the adaptability performance among 8 tree species, P. indicus and D. odorifera have fast growth rates, high survival rates and the adaptability is particularly prominent, so they can serve as the primary candidates for introduction, cultivation and popularization in Dehong, Yunnan Province. |
| Key words: rosewood species introduction cultivation adaptability |
