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华中樱嫁接苗遗传变异分析
龙成1, 张晓明2, 胡晓敏3, 叶小玲4, 周祥斌5, 熊育明3, 叶小娟6, 胡小锋6
1.广东省连山林场（广东鹰扬关森林公园管理处）;2.英德市旺地樱花种植有限公司;3.广州天适集团有限公司;4.广州旺地园林工程有限公司;5.广东省连山林场广东鹰扬关森林公园管理处;6.韶关市旺地樱花种植有限公司
摘要:
为选育华南地区适生的华中樱 Cerasus conradinae 优良种质, 研究以湖北引种的 49 个野生华中 樱种质资源 1 a 生嫁接苗为试验材料, 以株高、 接口径年生长量为指标, 通过方差分析、 遗传参数分析、 遗传增益比较以及布雷金多性状综合评定法对生长性状进行综合评价。 结果表明, 不同华中樱野生种质 资源 1 a 生嫁接苗间的株高、 接口径年生长量均存在极显著差异 (P<0. 01), 株高最大值为 (HB111) 196. 53 cm, 最小值为 (HB106) 69. 93 cm; 接口径最大值为 (HB069) 15. 60 mm, 最小值为 (HB106) 7. 25 mm。 株高、 接口径遗传变异系数分别为 12. 02% ~ 30. 54%、 16. 03% ~ 42. 84%, 重复力分别为 91. 33%、 92. 84%, 其生长性状主要受遗传特性控制。 基于布雷金多性状综合评定法, 筛选出 13 个优等 种质 (Ⅰ类, Qi≥1. 156), 其中 HB108 和 HB062 表现最优, 其株高、 接口径遗传增益分别可达 27. 51% ~ 28. 06%、 24. 82% ~35. 81%, 具有良好生长优势和较好的适应性, 为华中樱良种选育提供了高遗传潜力的 材料, 后续需结合开花性状进一步评价其观赏价值。
关键词:  华中樱  嫁接苗  生长性状  遗传参数  综合评价
DOI：10. 20221 / j. cnki. 2096-2053. 202504017
分类号:
基金项目:清远市科技计划项目 (2024KJJ009)。
Genetic Variation Study of Grafted Seedlings of Cerasus conradinae
LONG Cheng,ZHANG Xiaoming,HU Xiaomin,YE Xiaoling,ZHOU Xiangbin,XIONG Yuming,YE Xiaojuan,HU Xiaofeng
1.Lianshan Forest Farm of Guangdong/Administration of Guangdong Yingyangguan National Forest Park;2.Yingde Wangdi Cerasus Planting Co. Ltd.;3.Tianshi Group Co. Ltd.，Guangzhou;4.Wangdi Landscape Architecture Co. Ltd.，Guangzhou;5.ShaoguanWangdi Cerasus Planting Co. Ltd.
Abstract:
To select superior germplasm of Cerasus conradinae adapted to South China, 49 one-year-old grafted seedlings of wild C. conradinae germplasm resources introduced from Hubei were used as experimental materials. The annual growth of plant height and graft union diameter were selected as an indicators. Growth traits were comprehensively evaluated through analysis of variance, genetic parameter analysis, comparison of genetic gain, and the Breckling multi -trait comprehensive evaluation method. The results showed extremely significant differences (P<0. 01) in the annual growth of plant height and graft union diameter among the oneyear-old grafted seedlings of different wild C. conradinae germplasm resources. The maximum plant height was 196. 53 cm (HB111), and the minimum was 69. 93 cm (HB106). The maximum graft union diameter was 15. 60 mm (HB069), and the minimum was 7. 25 mm ( HB106). The coefficients of genetic variation for plant height and graft union diameter ranged from 12. 02% to 30. 54% and 16. 03% to 42. 84%, respectively, with repeatability values of 91. 33% and 92. 84%, indicating that the growth traits were primarily controlled by genetic characteristics. Based on the Breckling multi-trait comprehensive evaluation method, 13 superior germplasms (Class I, Qi≥1. 156) were selected. Among them, HB108 and HB062 performed the best. Their genetic gains for plant height and graft union diameter reached 27. 51%-28. 06% and 24. 82%-35. 81%, respectively, demonstrating good growth adaptability. These materials provide high genetic potential for the breeding of superior C. conradinae varieties. Further evaluation of their ornamental value, combined with flowering traits, is required in subsequent studies.
Key words:  Cerasus conradinae  grafted seedlings  growth traits  genetic parameters  comprehensive evaluation