| 摘要: |
| 为了提高油茶果实成熟整齐度及果实品质, 以 3 株 50 a 生以上高州油茶 Camellia gauchowensis
为研究对象, 于开花期、 果实成熟期喷施乙烯利, 采成熟果浸泡乙烯利, 以清水对照, 调查花蕾生长、
果实开裂及花果脱落动态, 测定果实表观性状指标、 种仁含油率、 脂肪酸组分及含量, 分析外源乙烯利
对高州油茶花果脱落及果实品质的影响。 结果显示, 外施乙烯利影响高州油茶花朵的正常生长及初始结
果量, 其中 2 或 3 g·L
-1 的乙烯利具有疏花的效应, 处理后 5 d 累积开花率仅为对照的 18. 9%及 49. 5%。
相较于花蕾, 成熟期果实对乙烯利更敏感。 低浓度 1 g·L
-1 处理后 5 d 落果率、 裂果率约为对照的 2 倍及
9 倍, 处理后 7 d 落果率约 90%, 而对照仅为 22%。 高州油茶鲜果质量、 鲜果出籽率、 干籽出仁率受到乙
烯利影响较小, 但含油率随乙烯利浓度的增加逐渐升高, 分别比对照增加了 9. 3%和 12. 1%。 受不同浓度
乙烯利调控, 种仁各脂肪酸组分及含量有不同程度的变化, 其中 2 g·L
-1 乙烯利显著 (P<0. 05) 降低硬
脂酸的含量, 显著升高亚油酸 (P<0. 01) 和亚麻酸 (P<0. 05) 的含量。 在不影响果实产量和品质的前提
下, 可在花期对高州油茶喷施质量浓度为 2 g·L
-1 的乙烯利溶液适当疏花, 在果实采收期应用 1 g·L
-1
的乙烯利溶液来缩短成熟进程, 使其果实同步成熟且不影响次年花蕾的正常生长及开放。 |
| 关键词: 油茶 乙烯利 疏花 果实同步成熟 果实品质 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目 ( 2024A1515011013), 广东省林业科技创新项目 ( 2024KJCK019), 广州市科技计 划项目 (2024A04J4669) |
|
| The effect of exogenous ethylene on the growth and fruit quality of Camellia oleifera flowers and fruits |
|
yijunwen, suyuqiao, zhangyingzhong, tangxuxiao, zhangwanxiang
|
|
Guangdong Academy Of Forestry
|
| Abstract: |
| To enhance the simultaneous ripening of Oil tea fruits and improve their quality in production.
Taking three Camellia gauchowensis plants over 50 years old as the research object, ethephon solutions and equal amounts of water (control) were sprayed during the flowering period and fruit maturity period, and soaked
(mature fruit) during the post-harvest period to investigate the dynamics of flower bud growth, fruit cracking
and flower and fruit abscission. The fruit appearance indicators, kernel oil content, fatty acid composition and content were measured to reveal the effect of exogenous ethephon on the flower and fruit abscission and fruit
quality of C. gauchowensis. The results are as follows: External application of ethephon affects the flowering
and fruit setting of C. gauchowensis, with 2 and 3 g·L
-1
having a thinning effect on flowers. After 5 days of
treatment, the cumulative flowering rate was only 18. 9% and 49. 5% of the control, and the amount of results
was significantly lower than that of the control. Compared to flowers, mature fruits are more sensitive to ethephon. After 5 days of treatment with a low concentration of 1 g·L
-1
, the fruit abscission rate and fruit cracking
rate were about 2 times and 9 times higher than the control. After 7 days of treatment, the fruit abscission rate
was about 90%, while the control was only 22%. The quality of C. gauchowensis fruit, seed yield of fresh
fruit, and kernel yield of dry seeds are less affected by ethephon, and the difference is not significant compared
to the control. After pre-harvest treatment, the oil content gradually increased with the ethephon concentration,
by 9. 3% and 12. 1% respectively compared to the control. Under the regulation of different concentrations of
ethephon, the composition and content of various fatty acids in the seed kernel vary to varying degrees, with 2
g·L
-1
ethephon significantly reducing the content of stearic acid (P<0. 05) and conversely increasing the content of linoleic acid (P<0. 01) and α-linolenic acid (P<0. 05). On the premise of not affecting fruit yield and
quality, a 2 g·L
-1
ethephon solution can be sprayed on C. gauchowensis during the flowering period to thin the
flowers appropriately, and a 1 g·L
-1
ethephon solution can be applied at the harvest period to shorten the maturation process, promoting synchronous fruit maturation without affacting the normal growth and flowering of
buds in following year. |
| Key words: Camellia oleifera Ethylene Thinning flowers synchronous maturation of fruit Fruit quality |
