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林间环境因子对 ZnO NPs 水生生态环境 急性毒性的影响
张男1, 张季楠2
1.海南大学;2.中国农业大学三亚研究院
摘要:
为探究纳米氧化锌 (ZnO NPs) 在林下水生环境中的安全风险, 研究以橡胶树 Hevea brasiliensis 凋落叶作为植物材料, 以大型蚤 Daphnia magna 作为受试生物, 以 0. 00、 0. 25、 0. 50、 1. 00、 2. 00、 4. 00、 8. 00、 16. 00 mg·L -1 为 ZnO NPs 悬液梯度, 进行大型蚤急性毒性实验, 测定不同林间 环境因素下大型蚤暴露于 ZnO NPs 悬液的生存数据, 研究橡胶树凋落叶、 温度、 光照 3 种林间环境因 子对 ZnO NPs 急性毒性效应的影响。 对照组 (光暗时间比 16 ∶ 8, 20 ℃ ) 的 LC50 为 13. 88 mg·L -1 , 光暗时间比 12 ∶ 12、 24 ∶ 0 处理组的 LC50 分别为 33. 37、 1. 71 mg·L -1 , 温度 25、 30、 35 ℃处理组的 LC50 分别为 1. 17、 3. 25、 4. 00 mg·L -1 , 橡胶树凋落叶添加组的 LC50 为 80. 60 mg·L -1 。 48 h 急性毒 性实验结果显示, 对照组 LC50 为 1. 46 mg·L -1 , 光暗时间比 12 ∶ 12、 24 ∶ 0 处理组的 LC50 分别为 0. 95、 0. 51 mg·L -1 , 温度 25、 30、 35 ℃处理组的 LC50 分别为 0. 40、 0. 53、 0. 26 mg·L -1 , 橡胶树 凋落叶添加组的 LC50 为 2. 87 mg·L -1 。 结果表明, 添加橡胶树凋落叶、 光暗时间比 12 ∶ 12、 温度 20 ℃的处理条件下 ZnO NPs 对大型蚤的急性毒性效应减弱。 研究的实验结果在一定程度上量化了林间 不同环境因素影响下浓度为 0. 00、 0. 25、 0. 50、 1. 00、 2. 00、 4. 00、 8. 00、 16. 00 mg·L -1 的 ZnO NPs 对于大型蚤的急性毒性效应。
关键词:  林间环境因子  橡胶树凋落叶  温度  光暗比  纳米氧化锌  大型蚤
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Effects of Forest Environmental Factors on the Acute Toxicity of ZnO NPs in Aquatic Ecosystems
zhang Nan1, zhang Jinan2
1.Hainan University;2.Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University
Abstract:
To investigate the safety risks of ZnO NPs in forest aquatic environments, a study was conducted apoplastic the apoplastic leaves of the Hevea brasiliensis as plant material, Daphnia magna as test organisms, and ZnO NPs suspension at concentration gradients of 0. 00, 0. 25, 0. 50, 1. 00, 2. 00, 4. 00, 8. 00, 16. 00 mg·L -1 as gradients for acute toxicity experiments on D. magna. Survival data of D. magna exposed to ZnO NPs suspensions under different forest environmental factors were collected to investigate the effects of three forest environmental factors ( the apoplastic leaves of the H. brasiliensis, temperature and light) on the acute toxic effects of ZnO NPs. The LC50 of the control group ( light -dark time ratio 16 ∶ 8, 20 ℃) was 13. 88 mg·L -1 . The LC50 of the light -dark time ratio 12 ∶ 12 and 24 ∶ 0 treatment groups were 33. 37 and 1. 71 mg·L -1 , respectively. The LC50 of the temperature 25, 30, and 35 ℃ treatment groups were 1. 17, 3. 25, and 4. 00 mg ·L -1 , respectively. The LC50 of the H. brasiliensis apoplastic leaf addition group was 80. 60 mg·L -1 . The results of 48 h acute toxicity experiments showed that the LC50 of the control group was 1. 46 mg·L -1 , and the LC50 of the light-dark time ratio of 12 ∶ 12 and 24 ∶ 0 treatment groups were 0. 95 and 0. 51 mg·L -1 , respectively. The LC50 of the temperature 25, 30 and 35 ℃ treatment groups were 0. 40, 0. 53 and 0. 26 mg · L -1 , respectively, and the LC50 of the H. brasiliensis apoplastic leaf addition group was 2. 87 mg·L -1 . The results indicated that the acute toxicity of ZnO NPs to D. magna was reduced under the treatment conditions of adding the apoplastic leaves of the H. brasiliensis, light-dark time ratio of 12 ∶ 12, and temperature of 20 ℃. The experimental results of the study quantified the acute toxicity effects of ZnO NPs with concentrations of 0. 00, 0. 25, 0. 50, 1. 00, 2. 00, 4. 00, 8. 00, and 16. 00 mg·L -1 on D. magna under the influence of different environmental factors in forests.
Key words:  forest environmental factors  apoplastic leaves of Hevea brasiliensis  temperature  light - dark ratio  ZnO NPs  Daphnia magna