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基于无人机遥感的天然次生林林窗格局 与林下生物多样性关系
唐尚杰1, 刘美洁2, 黄钰辉3, 甘先华3, 张卫强3, 孙中宇2, 尹光彩4, 杨龙2
1.广东工业大学 环境科学与工程学院;2.广东省科学院广州地理研究所;3.广东省林业科学研究院森林生态研究所;4.广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院
摘要:
林窗作为一种中小尺度干扰在森林群落中广泛存在。林窗可以改善林下光照和水热条件，进 而对林下生物多样性产生影响。为进一步研究林窗与林下生物多样性的关系，本研究选取深圳大鹏半岛 鹅公村附近面积为 1 hm2 的阔叶混交次生林为研究对象，将植被调查数据与无人机遥感正射影像相结合， 从不同尺度分析了研究地林窗格局与林下生物多样性间的关系。结果表明：1）研究地属典型次生林，群 落正处于演替的初、中级阶段，林下层主要由灌木和小乔木组成；2）基于无人机正射影像提取的林窗 呈数量多、面积小的空间分布格局，面积在 2~15 m2 的林窗面积占比达到 93.6%，最大林窗面积为 20.75 m2 ，平均林窗面积为 3.99 m2 ；3）10 m×10 m 和 20 m×20 m 尺度下，林窗与林下生物多样性间无显著相 关关系，5 m×5 m 尺度下，最大斑块比例与林下生物多样性指数间产生相关性。综上，在研究区内，随 着研究尺度的变小，林窗为林下群落提供异质性生境的能力提高，而在 10 m×10 m 和 20 m×20 m 尺度 下，林窗难以对林下生物多样性产生影响。
关键词:  次生林  林下生物多样性  林窗格局  无人机
DOI：
分类号:
基金项目:广东省林业科技创新项目（2021KJCX003）；深圳市野生动物救护中心项目（深圳市自然保护区生态监测项目）
Relationship between Gap Pattern and Understory Biodiversity of Natural Secondary Forest Based on UAV Remote Sensing
Tang Shangjie1, LIU meijie2, HUANG yuhui3, GAN xianhua3, ZHANG weiqiang3, SUN zhongyu2, YIN guangcai4, YANG long2
1.Guangdong University of Technology;2.Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences;3.orest Ecology Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Forestry;4.School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology
Abstract:
As a small - to medium-scale disturbance, forest gaps exist widely in forest communities. Forest gaps can improve the understory light and hydrothermal conditions, and then affect the understory biodiversity. For further study of the relationship between forest gaps and the understory biodiversity, a broad-leaved mixedforest with an area of 1 hm2 near Egong Village, Dapeng Peninsula, Shenzhen, was selected as the research object in this study. The relationship between forest gap pattern and understory biodiversity was analyzed at different scales by combining vegetation survey data with UAV orthophoto images. The results indicated that: 1）The selected forest was a typical secondary forest between the early and intermediate stage of succession, and the understory was mainly composed of shrubs and trees. 2）The spatial distribution pattern of forest gaps extracted from UAV orthographic images was large in number and small in area. The area of gaps between 2-15 m2 accounted for 93.6%, in which the largest gap was 20.75 m2 , and the average area was 3.99 m2 . 3）At 10 m×10 m and 20 m×20 m scales, there is no signi?cant correlation between gap and understory biodiversity, at 5 m×5 m scale, there is a correlation between Largest patch index and understory biodiversity index. In conclusion, in the study area, with the decrease of the study scale, the ability of gaps to provide heterogeneous habitats for understory communities is improved, while 10 m×10 m and 20 m×20 m scales, it is dif?cult for gaps to affect understory biodiversity.
Key words:  secondary forest  understory biodiversity  gap pattern  UAV remote sensing