| 摘要: |
| 为探索深圳田头山市级自然保护区森林群落优势种生态位特征，分析乔木层与灌木层各种群竞争与共存机制，为区域生态环境保护与森林资源管理提供准确数据和理论指导，在野外布设典型样方进行植被调查，选取生态位宽度、重叠值和相似性 3 个指标探讨优势种对于环境资源的利用状况。结果表明：两种典型林分乔木层的优势种中生态位宽度 Levins 指数和 Shannon 指数最大均为鹅掌柴 Schefflera heptaphylla 和桉 Eucalyptus robusta，分别为 2.54、1.01 和 3.80、1.36 ；最小为毛棉杜鹃 Rhododendron moulmainense 和红锥 Castanopsis hystrix 等。灌木层的优势种中生态位宽度最大为假鹰爪 Desmos chinensis和秤星树 Ilex asprella，两种指数分别为 2.93、1.09 和 3.81、1.36 ；最小为桃金娘 Rhodomyrtus tomentosa和九节 Psychotria asiatica 等。天然次生常绿阔叶林乔木层生态位重叠平均值小于 0.5，群落优势种竞争并不激烈；灌木层群落的种间竞争相比乔木层更加激烈。而人工常绿阔叶林的乔木层与灌木层种间竞争都很激烈。天然次生常绿阔叶林乔木层与灌木层的生态位相似性平均值均在 0.5 以下，说明多数物种对于环境资源的需求有较大差异。而人工常绿阔叶林群落之间生活习性相似，对于资源需求较为类似，生态位分化尚未稳定。 |
| 关键词: 田头山市级自然保护区 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 生态位相似性 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2021-06-17修订日期：2021-10-07 |
| 基金项目:：深圳市野生动物救护中心项目“市级自然保护区生态监测”；东江源水资源维持的森林植被优化关键技术研究 （2021KJCX003）。 |
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| Niche Characteristics of Dominant Species in Forest Community of Tiantoushan Nature Reserve in Shenzhen |
| Sun hongbin,Gan Xianhua,Zhao Qing,Li Yifan,Zhang Weiqiang,Liu Xuejie,Liu Mengyun,Zhang Jiao |
| (Administration Center of Nature Reserves in Shenzhen;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization/Guangdong Academy of Forestry) |
| Abstract: |
| Typical quadrats were set up in the field for vegetation survey to explore the niche characteristics of dominant species in forest community of Tiantoushan Nature Reserve in Shenzhen. And the competition and coexistence mechanism of various groups in tree and shrub layer were analyzed to provide accurate data and theoretical guidance for regional ecological environment protection and forest resource management. The utilization of environmental resources by dominant species were discussed with three indexes of niche breadth, overlap, and similarity. The results showed that Levins index and Shannon index of Schefflera heptaphylla and Eucalyptus robusta were the largest, which were 2.54, 1.01 and 3.80, 1.36 respectively, among the dominant species in tree layer of two typical stands. And the smallest were Rhododendron moulmainense, Castanopsis hystrix and so on. Desmos chinensis and Ilex asprella had the largest niche breadth, and the two indices were 2.93, 1.09 and 3.81, 1.36, respectively, among the dominant species in shrub layer. And the smallest was Rhodomyrtus to mentosa, Psychotria asiatica and so on. The average niche overlap of tree layer in the secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest was less than 0.5, and the competition among dominant species was weak. The competition among species in shrub layer was more intense than tree layer. But the inter-specific competition in tree layer and shrub layer of the planted evergreen broad-leaved forest were all intense. The average niche similarity of tree layer and shrub layer in the secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest were below 0.5, which indicated that most species had different demands for environmental resources. The living habits of the planted evergreen broad-leaved forest
communities were similar. The demand for resources was similar, and the niche differentiation was unstable. |
| Key words: Tiantoushan Nature Reserve niche breadth niche overlap niche similarity |
