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日本野漆树在梅州地区的引种表现
陈新强1, 李志良1, 陈桂琼1, 肖腊兴1, 谢金兰1, 黄 浩1, 钟 帆2, 张 凤1, 刘 丽1, 温伟文1
1.梅州市林业科学研究所;2.蕉岭县福泰生物科技有限公司
摘要:
广东省梅州市从 2013 年开始引种日本野漆树（Toxicodendron succedaneum）并开展造林试验， 对该树种在梅州地区多年度的引种生长表现进行分析，以期为日本野漆树的种植应用提供指导作用。结 果表明：日本野漆树在梅州地区具有良好的适应性，栽培易成活，造林保存率高，达到 96% 以上。日本 野漆树生长迅速，栽种 7 年后树木平均树高、地径、冠幅分别达到 4.28 m、11.31 cm 、4.32 m；栽种 5 年 后进入初果期，栽种 7 年后进入全面挂果期，平均单株挂果量为 4.64 kg。物候观测显示日本野漆树在梅 州树木生长期达 250 天左右，其果实采收期为 9 月，比种植在湖南、江西的提早近一个月 , 比种植在日本 的提早 3 个月。果实性状分析显示日本野漆树单株间果实性状（漆果大小、种皮占果实的质量比、果实 含蜡率等）具有显著差异 (P<0.05)，果皮含蜡率为 40%~60%，漆仔含蜡率为 21%~35%, 有必要对其进行 良种选育。同时方差分析显示引种对漆果性状（大小、种皮占果实质量比、漆果含蜡率）不会有显著改 变（P>0.05）。
关键词:  日本野漆树  引种  生长表现
DOI：
分类号:
基金项目:2019年广东省林业科技创新项目：日本野漆树(木蜡树)引种、选育、栽培试验示范(2019KJCX032)；2019年梅州市应用型科技专项资金项目：梅州市林业公益服务实验平台；
Introduction Performance of Toxicodendron succedaneum in Meizhou
Chen Xin-qiang1, LI Zhi-liang1, CHEN Gui-qiong1, XIAO La-xing1, XIE Jin-lan1, HUANG Hao1, ZHONG Fan2, ZHANG Feng1, LIU li1, WEN Wei-wen1
1.Meizhou Forest Research Institute;2.Jiaoling Futai Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Abstract:
The researchers began to introduce Toxicodendron succedaneum in Meizhou, Guangdong Province in 2013 for afforestation experiment. This paper analyzed the multi-year introduction and growth performance of this species in Meizhou, in order to provide guiding role for the planting and application of T. succedaneum. The results showed that T. succedaneum had a good adaptability in Meizhou, and it was easy to survive in cultivation, with a high afforestation preservation rate of over 96%. It growed rapidly. The average tree height, ground diameter and crown width of the 7-year-old forest were 4.28 m, 11.31 cm and 4.32 m respectively. It entered the initial fruit stage after 5 years of planting, and entered the overall fruit stage after 7 years of planting. The average fruit amount per plant was 4.64 kg. Phenological observation shows that the growth period of T. succedaneum in Meizhou was about 250 days, and its fruit harvest period was in September, nearly one monthearlier than planted in Hunan and Jiangxi, and three months earlier than Japan. The analysis of fruit characters showed that there were significant differences in fruit characters among the progenies of T. succedaneum, such as the size of lacquer fruit, the ratio of peel to weight of fruit, the wax content of fruit, etc(P<0.05). The wax content of peel was 40%-60%. The wax content of lacquer seed was 21%-35%. It is necessary to carry out the breeding of the improved variety. At the same time, variance analysis showed that there was no significant change in the characters (size, the ratio of peel to weight of fruit, the wax content of fruit) of lacquer fruit (P > 0.05).
Key words:  Toxicodendron succedaneum  introduction  growth performance