| 摘要: |
| 为了解高州油茶 Camellia gauchowensis 果实生长特性和油脂转化特点，对不同时期油茶果的
主要经济性状和干仁含油率进行差异分析。结果显示：6 月份以后，高州油茶果实呈现缓慢生长期、快
速生长期和平稳生长期 3 个阶段，快速生长期的单果质量和果径生长量分别占总生长量的 63.31% 和
38.06%。鲜出籽率和干出籽率经历停滞期、快速上升期和稳定期，在 11 月中旬达到最高值。油茶果在
整个生长期中，鲜籽含水率逐步降低，至 12 月 2 日降至 44.31%。干仁含油率在 12 月初达到最高值，缓
慢生长期、快速生长期和生长平稳期的增长量对最高值的贡献比率分别为 4.36%、27.21% 和 67.16%。高
州油茶脂肪酸主要由棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸和硬脂酸 4 种组成，其组分比例在不同采摘时期差异不显著。
油茶相邻两个大年间干仁含油率（产量）相差较大。 |
| 关键词: 高州油茶 生长性状 品质 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:广东省省级科技计划项目“广东省本土优质高产油茶良种选育研究”(2015B020202002)；“油茶种质资源收集、评价与利用”(2014A020208043)；国家林业局科技发展中心“油茶遗传资源编目”项目(2012-2014)；广东省林业科技创新专项资金项目“油茶良种选育、无公害栽培技术研究与示范”(2013KJCX009-01)。 |
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| Study on Growth Characters and Quality Changes of Camellia gauchowensis Fruits |
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Zhang Yingzhong, XU Baohua, WANG Minghuai, WANG Jing
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Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization/Guangdong Academy of Forestry
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| Abstract: |
| The oil contents and fruit characters at different times were investigated and analyzed, to know
the characteristics of fruit growing and fatty acid transferring of Camellia gauchowensis. The result showed that
the fruit experienced slow growth period, fast growth period and stable period of growth. The growth of single
fruit mass and diameters occupied 61.31% and 38.06% in proportion of all growth in fast growth period. The
yields of fresh seed and dry seed reached the highest in mid November passing through stagnation period, slow
growth period and stable growth period. The percentage of moisture of fresh seed reduced gradually during
growing period, and reduced to 44.31% in December 2nd. The oil content of drying kernel reach the highest at
beginning of December. In addition, the proportions of preparation period, slow growth period and fast growth
period were 4.36%, 27.21% and 67.16% in the highest oil content. The fatty acid in C. gauchowensis contained
C16:0, C18:2, C18:1 and C18:0, and the contents of the four fatty acid had no significant difference between the
different harvesting times. Moreover, there was large difference between two adjacent bumper harvest years. |
| Key words: Camellia gauchowensis growth characters quality |
